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NEW QUESTION # 21
A socket object is usually created by which one of the following invocations?
- A. socket = socket.socket(server address)
- B. socket. socket (socket_domain, socket_type)
- C. socket = socket. socket (socket_domain, socket_type, server_address)
- D. socket = socket. socket (socket_number)
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
A socket object is usually created using the socket() constructor provided by the socket module in Python. The correct invocation is socket.socket(socket_domain, socket_type). This creates a new socket object with the specified socket domain and type.
NEW QUESTION # 22
Select the true statements related to PEP 8 naming conventions. (Select two answers.)
- A. Exception names should follow the function naming conventions.
- B. Modules should have short names entirely in lower-case.
- C. Class names should use the mixedCase naming style.
- D. You should never use the characters "l" (lower-case letter "el") and "O" (upper-case letter "oh") as single character variable names.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
The correct answers are C and D. PEP 8 recommends that module names should be short and entirely lower-case; underscores may be used only when they improve readability. This keeps imports clean and predictable. PEP 8 also warns against using the single-character variable names l, O, or I because they can be visually confused with 1 and 0 in many fonts. Option A is incorrect because Python class names should normally use the CapWords convention, not mixedCase. Option B is incorrect because exception names are class names and should follow class naming conventions; if the exception represents an error, the name should usually end with Error.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following statements related to :memory: are true?
(Select two answers.)
- A. :memory: is a special name for creating a temporary database in the RAM.
- B. You can use :memory: to delete a specific database that resides in the RAM.
- C. :memory: is a special name for loading a database from a file to the RAM.
- D. You can use :memory: to establish a database connection.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
The correct answers are C and D. In Python's sqlite3 module, the string ':memory:' is passed to sqlite3.
connect() to create an in-memory SQLite database. This establishes a valid database connection, but the database exists only in RAM and normally disappears when the connection is closed. It is useful for testing, temporary storage, fast operations, and examples where no persistent database file is required.
Option A is wrong because :memory: does not load an existing file-based database into memory. Option B is also incorrect because it is not a deletion command or database management operation. It is simply a special database name recognized by SQLite to create a temporary in-memory database.
NEW QUESTION # 24
Select the true statements about the json.loads() function.
(Select two answers.)
- A. It takes Python data as its argument.
- B. It takes a JSON string as its argument.
- C. It returns a Python entity.
- D. It returns a JSON string.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
The correct answers are C and D. The json.loads() function is used for JSON deserialization. It accepts a JSON-formatted string, bytes, or bytearray and converts that serialized JSON data into an equivalent Python object. For example, a JSON object becomes a Python dictionary, a JSON array becomes a Python list, JSON strings become Python strings, and JSON numbers become Python numeric values.
Option A describes json.dumps(), which takes Python data and serializes it into JSON text. Option B is also incorrect because returning a JSON string is the job of json.dumps(), not json.loads(). Therefore, json.loads() takes JSON text as input and returns a Python entity.
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which of the following constants will be used if you do riot define the quoting argument in the writer method provided by the csv module?
- A. csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL
- B. csv.QUOTE_NONE
- C. csv.QUOTE_NONNUMERIC
- D. svQUOTE_ALL
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
If you do not define the quoting argument in the writer method provided by the csv module, the default quoting behavior is set to QUOTE_MINIMAL. This means that fields containing special characters such as the delimiter or newline character will be quoted, while fields that do not contain special characters will not be quoted.
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which of the following methods allow you to load a configuration using ConfigParser? (Select two answers.)
- A. read_conf
- B. read
- C. read_str
- D. read_dict
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Explanation
ConfigParser is a built-in library in Python that allows you to read and write configuration files. The read method is used to read the configuration file which can be in any of the supported file formats, such as INI, YAML, and JSON. The read_dict method is used to read the configuration from a Python dictionary. The read_conf and read_str options are not valid methods in the ConfigParser module.
Therefore, the correct options to load a configuration using ConfigParser are A. read and D. read_string.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Analyze the following snippet and select the statement that best describes it.
- A. The code is syntactically incorrect - the function should be defined as def f1 (*args, **kwargs) :
- B. The *arg parameter holds a list of unnamed parameters
- C. The code is syntactically correct despite the fact that the names of the function parameters do not follow the naming convention
- D. The code is missing a placeholder for unnamed parameters.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The provided code snippet defines a function f1 that accepts variable-length arguments using the *args and **kwargs syntax. The *args parameter allows for an arbitrary number of unnamed arguments to be passed to the function as a tuple, while the **kwargs parameter allows for an arbitrary number of named arguments to be passed to the function as a dictionary.
Therefore, the correct statement that best describes the code is:
B). The *args parameter holds a list of unnamed parameters, while the **kwargs parameter holds a dictionary of named parameters.
Reference:
Official Python documentation on Function definitions: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.
html#defining-functions
The arg parameter holds a list of unnamed parameters . In the given code snippet, the f1 function takes two arguments: *arg and **kwarg . The *arg syntax in the function signature is used to pass a variable number of non-keyword (positional) arguments to the function. Inside the function, arg is a tuple containing the positional arguments passed to the function. The **kwarg syntax in the function signature is used to pass a variable number of keyword arguments to the function. Inside the function, kwarg is a dictionary containing the keyword arguments passed to the function.
NEW QUESTION # 28
Select the true statements about the sqlite3 module. (Select two answers.)
- A. The fetchalt method returns None when no rows are available
- B. The execute method is provided by the Cursor class
- C. The execute method allows you to perform several queries at once
- D. The fetchone method returns None when no rows are available
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Explanation
The execute method is provided by the Cursor class
This statement is true because the execute method is one of the methods of the Cursor class in the sqlite3 module. The Cursor class represents an object that can execute SQL statements and fetch results from a database connection. The execute method takes an SQL query as an argument and executes it against the database. For example, cur = conn.cursor (); cur.execute ("SELECT * FROM table") creates and executes a cursor object that selects all rows from a table.
The fetchone method returns None when no rows are available
This statement is true because the fetchone method is another method of the Cursor class in the sqlite3 module.
The fetchone method fetches the next row of a query result set and returns it as a single tuple or None if no more rows are available. For example, row = cur.fetchone () fetches and returns one row from the cursor object or None if there are no more rows.
NEW QUESTION # 29
Select the correct statements about the csv module.
(Select two answers.)
- A. The DictReader method always gets the header from the first line in the file.
- B. A DictReader object maps each row to a dict.
- C. It is possible to create a DictWriter object without specifying a header.
- D. A reader object maps each row to a list of strings.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
The correct answers are B and D. In Python's csv module, a normal csv.reader object reads each CSV row as a list of strings, so option B is true. A csv.DictReader object reads each row into a dictionary, using field names as keys, so option D is also true. Option A is false because DictReader does not always take headers from the first row; field names can be provided explicitly through the fieldnames argument. Option C is false because DictWriter requires field names so it knows which dictionary keys correspond to CSV columns and in what order they should be written. This distinction between row lists and row dictionaries is central to CSV processing.
NEW QUESTION # 30
Select the true statements related to PEP 257. (Select two answers.)
- A. The closing quotes of a one-line docstring should be put on a separate line.
- B. A docstring is a string literal that occurs anywhere in Python code, and is used to document Python functions, classes, and public methods.
- C. There are two types of docstrings in Python: one-line and multi-line docstrings.
- D. A docstring is a string literal that occurs as the first statement in a Python module, function, class, or method, and is used to document them.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
The correct answers are C and D. PEP 257 defines a docstring as a string literal that appears as the first statement in a module, function, class, or method definition. This placement is important because Python assigns that string to the object's __doc__ attribute, making it available to tools such as help(), IDEs, documentation generators, and introspection utilities. Option D is also correct because PEP 257 distinguishes between one-line docstrings and multi-line docstrings. Option A is false because a one-line docstring keeps its closing quotes on the same line. Option B is too broad: ordinary string literals appearing anywhere in code are not automatically treated as official runtime docstrings.
NEW QUESTION # 31
In the JSON processing context, the term serialization:
- A. names a process in which a JSON string is remodeled and transformed into a new JSON string
- B. names a process in which Python data is turned into a JSON string.
- C. names a process in which a JSON string is turned into Python data.
- D. refers to nothing, because there is no such thing as JSON serialization.
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the JSON processing context, the term serialization: A. names a process in which Python data is turned into a JSON string.
Serialization refers to the process of converting a data object, such as a Python object, into a format that can be easily transferred over a network or stored in a file. In the case of JSON, serialization refers to converting Python data into a string representation using the JSON format. This string can be sent over a network or stored as a file, and later deserialized back into the original Python data object.
Reference: Official Python documentation on json: https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html#json- serialization
NEW QUESTION # 32
Select the true statements about the sqirte3 module. (Select two answers.)
- A. The sqhte3 module does not support transactions.
- B. The sqlite3 module provides an interface compliant with the DB-API 2.0.
- C. The special name memory is used to create a database in RAM.
- D. The fetchall method returns an empty list when no rows are available
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
A). The sqlite3 module in python provides an interface compliant to the DB-API 2.0. Thus, it follows a standard performance metric that allows for consistency in database programming with python.
B). The special name 'memory' is used to create a database in RAM using the sqlite3 module. Thus, when you use it as the name of the database file while opening a connection, it creates a temporary database that exists only in memory.
Reference: Official Python documentation on sqlite3: https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html
NEW QUESTION # 33
What is true about type in the object-oriented programming sense?
- A. It is the topmost type that any class can inherit from
- B. It is a built-in method that allows enumeration of composite objects
- C. It is an object used to instantiate a class
- D. It is the bottommost type that any object can inherit from.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
In Python, type is the built-in metaclass that serves as the base class for all new-style classes. All new-style classes in Python, including built-in types like int and str, are instances of the type metaclass and inherit from it.
NEW QUESTION # 34
Analyze the following function and choose the statement that best describes it.
- A. It is an example of decorator stacking.
- B. It is an example of a decorator that can trigger an infinite recursion.
- C. It is an example of a decorator that accepts its own arguments.
- D. The function is erroneous.
Answer: C
Explanation:
In the given code snippet, the repeat function is a decorator that takes an argument num_times specifying the number of times the decorated function should be called. The repeat function returns an inner function wrapper_repeat that takes a function func as an argument and returns another inner function wrapper that calls func num_times times.
The provided code snippet represents an example of a decorator that accepts its own arguments.
The @decorator_function syntax is used to apply the decorator_function to the some_function function.
The decorator_function takes an argument arg1 and defines an inner function wrapper_function that takes the original function func as its argument. The wrapper_function then returns the result of calling func , along with the arg1 argument passed to the decorator_function .
Here is an example of how to use this decorator with some_function :
@ decorator_function ( "argument 1" )
def some_function ():
return "Hello world"
When some_function is called, it will first be passed as an argument to the decorator_function .
The decorator_function then adds the string "argument 1" to the result of calling some_function() and returns the resulting string. In this case, the final output would be "Hello world argument 1" .
Reference:
Official Python documentation on Decorators: https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-decorator
NEW QUESTION # 35
What is the result of the following code?
What is the result of the following code?
- A. Loading data...
- B. Debugging mode has been enabled
- C. Debugging mode has been enabled Loading data...
- D. Nothing will be displayed
Answer: A
Explanation:
This statement is true because the code uses the logging module to create a logger object and set its level to logging.INFO. The logging module provides a way of reporting events that occur during the execution of a program. The logging level determines which events are reported and which are ignored. The logging module defines five levels of severity: DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL. The lower the level, the more events are reported.
The code then uses the logger object to log two messages: one with the level logging.DEBUG and one with the level logging.INFO. The logger object only reports the messages that have a level equal or higher than its own level. Therefore, the message with the level logging.DEBUG is ignored, while the message with the level logging.INFO is reported. The default format for reporting messages is "level name: message". Therefore, the output of the code is:
INFO: Loading data...
NEW QUESTION # 36
Select the true statement about composition
- A. Composition is a concept that promotes code reusability while inheritance promotes encapsulation.
- B. Composition extends a class's capabilities by adding new components and modifying the existing ones.
- C. Composition allows a class to be projected as a container of different classes
- D. Composition is based on the has a relation: so it cannot be used together with inheritance.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Composition is an object-oriented design concept that models a has-a relationship . In composition, a class known as composite contains an object of another class known as component . In other words, a composite class has a component of another class 1 .
B). Composition allows a class to be projected as a container of different classes.
Composition is a concept in Python that allows for building complex objects out of simpler objects, by aggregating one or more objects of another class as attributes. The objects that are aggregated are generally considered to be parts of the whole object, and the containing object is often viewed as a container for the smaller objects.
In composition, objects are combined in a way that allows for greater flexibility and modifiability than what inheritance can offer. With composition, it is possible to create new objects by combining existing objects, by using a container object to host other objects. By contrast, with inheritance, new objects extend the behavior of their parent classes, and are limited by that inheritance hierarchy.
References:
Official Python documentation on Composition: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#composition GeeksforGeeks article on Composition vs Inheritance: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/composition-vs- inheritance-python/ Real Python article on Composition and Inheritance: https://realpython.com/inheritance-composition-python/
NEW QUESTION # 37
If w is a correctly created main application window, which method would you use to foe both of the main window's dimensions?
- A. w. f ixdim ()
- B. w. resizable ()
- C. w.makewindow ()
- D. w. f ixshape ()
Answer: B
Explanation:
C). w.resizable()
The resizable() method takes two Boolean arguments, width and height , that specify whether the main window can be resized in the corresponding directions. Passing False to both arguments makes the main window non-resizable, whereas passing True to both arguments (or omitting them) makes the window resizable.
Here is an example that sets the dimensions of the main window to 500x400 pixels and makes it non-resizable:
import tkinter as tk
root = tk. Tk ()
root. geometry ( "500x400" )
root. resizable (False, False)
root. mainloop ()
References:
Tkinter documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/tk.html
Tkinter tutorial: https://www.python-course.eu/python_tkinter.php
The resizable () method of a tkinter window object allows you to specify whether the window can be resized by the user in the horizontal and vertical directions. You can pass two boolean arguments to this method, such as w.resizable (False, False), to prevent both dimensions from being changed. Alternatively, you can pass 0 or 1 as arguments, such as w.resizable (0, 0), to achieve the same effect 1 .
References:
1 : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36575890/how-to-set-a-tkinter-window-to-a-constant-size Other methods that can be used to control the window size are:
w.geometry () : This method allows you to set the initial size and position of the window by passing a string argument in the format "widthxheight+x+y", such as w.geometry ("500x500+100+100") 1 2 .
w.minsize () and w.maxsize (): These methods allow you to set the minimum and maximum size of the window in pixels, such as w.minsize (500, 500) and w.maxsize (1000, 1000) 1 2 .
w.pack_propagate () and w.grid_propagate (): These methods allow you to enable or disable the propagation of the size of the widgets inside the window to the window itself. By default, these methods are set to True, which means that the window will adjust its size according to the widgets it contains. You can set these methods to False or 0 to prevent this behavior, such as w.pack_propagate (0) or w.grid_propagate (0).
w.place (): This method allows you to place the window at a specific position and size relative to its parent window or screen. You can use keyword arguments such as x, y, width, height, relx, rely, relwidth, and relheight to specify the coordinates and dimensions of the window in absolute or relative terms, such as w.
place (x=0, y=0, relwidth=1, relheight=1).
References:
2 : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25690423/set-window-dimensions-in-tkinter-python-3 :
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36575890/how-to-set-a-tkinter-window-to-a-constant-size
/36576068#36576068 : https://www.skotechlearn.com/2020/06/tkinter-window-position-size-center-screen-in- python.html
NEW QUESTION # 38
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